The capital's oldest cemeteries lie to the north and south of the Jewish necropolis. The largest is Powązki Cemetery. To the northwest, the tombs with inscriptions in Arabic calligraphy in the small Muslim cemetery are a reminder of how deeply integrated this community was in Polish society up to the Second World War. Finally, to the south, the Lutheran cemetery is testament to the high degree of assimilation of the German minority since the 17C.